Learning theories

There are so many learning theories to consider when designing effective learning. I like to pick learning theories that best match the learning needs of a project. Here's a few of my favorite theories.

Merrill's principles of instruction

This is an adult learning theory that focuses on 5 key principles to maximize the effectiveness of a learning experience.

Task-centered approach: Design learning around real-world problems the learner will encounter. Get the learner to actively engage in problem solving.
Activation: Engage learner's prior knowledge by connecting new information to their existing knowledge.
Demonstration: Give clear examples, simulations or case studies to show the desired performance outcome.
Application: Give learners opportunities to practice their knowledge and skills in an authentic context.
Integration: Encourage transfer of knowledge to real-world situations.

Knowles' 4 principles of adult learning

1. Adults need to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their instruction.

2. Experience provides the basis for learning activities.

3. Adults are interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance and impact to their job.

4. Problem-centered rather than content-centered learning.

Self-determination theory (SDT)

A learning motivation theory that focuses on three areas of psychological need: autonomy, competence and relatedness. Learner motivation can be increased by giving learner's choice over their learning, ensuring learners have the skills and knowledge to complete the learning, and giving a sense of connectedness in the learning environment.